Ch. 3 – The Black Canadian Nineteenth Century

A List of Supplemental Links to Chapter 3

3.1. BLACK MIGRATION TO UPPER CANADA BEFORE ABOLITION 89

• The Black Abolitionist Papers: Canada, 1830-1865 (Ripley 1986, vol. 2), excerpts (Documenting the American South) [full text available from ProQuest]
• 1814 Proclamation by Vice-Admiral Alexander Cochrane (Indiana University Digital Library) [facsimile]
• “Petition of Colored People at Preston,” 1841 (Nova Scotia Archives)
• “A Brief History of the Coloured Baptists of Nova Scotia,” Peter Evander McKerrow, 1895 (archive.org)
• “A Brief History of the Colored Baptists of Nova Scotia, 1782-1953″ Pearleen Oliver, 1953 (ourroots.ca) [see pages 22 to 27 for Richard Preston portion]
• “An Act to Prevent the Further Introduction of Slaves,” Historical Narratives of Early Canada (uppercanadahistory.ca)
• “A Brief History of the Wilberforce Colony,” video, Huron University College Historian’s Craft class of 2011/2012 and The Promised Land Project (Youtube) 
• Crisis in North America: Slavery, War, Balance of Power, and Oregon in Montreal, Israel Lewis, 1846 (archive.org)
• Twenty-Two Years a Slave, and Forty Years a Freeman: Embracing the Correspondence of Several Years, While President of Wilberforce Colony, London, Canada West, Austin Steward, 1857 (Documenting the American South)

 

3.2. A FORMER ANTI-SLAVERY EDITOR IN CANADA: SUSANNA STRICKLAND AND THE SLAVE NARRATIVES OF MARY PRINCE AND ASHTON WARNER 93

• The Narrative of Sojourner Truth, Sojourner Truth, A Celebration of Women Writers, ed. Mary Mark Ockerbloom, 1850 (Penn Libraries)
• Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet A. Jacobs/Linda Brent, 1861 (Documenting the American South)
• The History of Mary Prince, a West Indian Slave, Mary Prince (and Susanna Strickland), 1831 (Documenting the American South)
• William Lloyd Garrison, The Liberator, 1831-1865 (Fair Use Repository)
• Maria W. Stewart, “Religion and the Pure Principles of Morality, The Sure Foundations on Which We Must Build,” 1831 (Slavery and the Making of America, PBS)
• Ashton Warner, Negro Slavery Described by a Negro: Being the Narrative of Ashton Warner, a Native of St. Vincent’s, 1831 (Documenting the American South)
• Susanna Moodie, Roughing It in the Bush, or, Life in Canada, 1852 (A Celebration of Women Writers Digital Library Project)

Blackness in Moodie’s Canadian Texts 101

• Susanna Moodie, Matrimonial Speculations (including “Richard Redpath”), 1854 (archive.org)
• Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom’s Cabin (or Life among the Lowly), 1852 (gutenberg.org)
• Susanna Moodie, “The Charivari,” Roughing It in the Bush, or, Life in Canada, 1852 (A Celebration of Women Writers Digital Library Project)
• Susanna Moodie, Life in the Bush versus the Clearings, 1853 (gutenberg.org)
• John Newton, An Authentic Narrative of Some Remarkable and Interesting Particulars in the Life of … , 1764 (archive.org)
• Robert Southey, “The Sailor Who Had Served in the Slave Trade,” 1790 (Romantic Circles)
• Samuel Taylor Coleridge, “The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere, in Seven Parts,” 1798 (Romantic Circles)
• William Wordsworth, “To Toussaint L’Ouverture,” 1802 (william-wordsworth.de)
• Susanna Moodie, June 30, 1857 letter (Letters of a Lifetime p. 181, Google Books)
• Susanna Moodie, “Washing the Black-A-Moor White: A Page from Life,” 1871, Canadian Literary Magazine (Scholars Portal)”

 

3.3 SLAVE NARRATIVES BETWEEN ABOLITION AND THE FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT (1834-50) 110

The Narratives of Moses Roper and Lewis and Milton Clarke 112

• Moses Roper, A Narrative of the Adventures and Escape of Moses Roper, from American Slavery with an Appendix Containing a List of Places Visited by the Author in Great Britain and Ireland and the British Isles, and Other Matter. London: Darton, Harvey, and Darton, 1838 (Documenting the American South).
• Lewis Clarke, Narrative of the Sufferings of Lewis Clarke, During a Captivity of More than Twenty-Five Years Among the Algerines of Kentucky, One of the So Called Christian States of America. Boston: B.Marsh, 1846 (Documenting the American South). 
• Lewis Clarke and Milton Clarke, “Questions and Answers,” 1846 (Uncle Tom’s Cabin & American Culture)

Josiah Henson, Dawn, and Black Education 114

• Josiah Henson biography (Dictionary of Canadian Bibliography)
• Josiah Henson, Life of Josiah Henson, Formely a Slave, Now an Inhabitant of Canada, as Narrated by Himself. Boston: A.D. Phelps, 1849 (Documenting the American South).
• Josiah Henson, Truth Stranger than Fiction. Father Henson’s Story of His Own Life. Boston: John P. Jewett, 1858 (Documenting the American South).
• Josiah Henson, Uncle Tom’s Story of His Life. An Autobiography of Rev. Josiah Henson (Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s “Uncle Tom”). Ed. John Lobb, London: Christian Age Office, 1876 (Documenting the American South).
• The Dawn settlement (Black History Canada)
• The Dawn Settlement (Uncle Tom’s Cabin Historic Site)
• Reverend William King (Buxton Museum Virtual Exhibit)
• Reverend William King: The Elgin Settlement (Library and Archives Canada)
• The Refugee Home Society (Windsor Communities)
• Anderson Ruffin Abbott (Buxton Museum Virtual Exhibit)

Canada West and the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850: Harriet Tubman, Henry and Mary Bibb, and the North American Convention of Colored Freemen in Toronto 117

• The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 (National Center for Public Policy Research)
• Henry Walton Bibb biography (Dictionary of Canadian Biography)
• Henry Bibb, Narratives of the Life and Adventures of Henry Bibb, an American Slave, Written by Himself. New-York: n.p., 1849 (Documenting the American South).
• The Anti-Slavery Society of Canada (Library and Archives Canada)
• Harriet Tubman (Black History Canada)
• Sarah Bradford, Scenes in the Life of Harriet Tubman, 1869 (Documenting the American South)
• Harriet Tubman, Harriet, the Moses of her People, 1886 (Documenting the American South)
• “Henry and Mary Bibb, Publishers of the Voice of the Fugitive newspaper” (The Harriet Tubman Institute)
• Pages from Voice of the Fugitive (Black Abolitionist Archive)
• Letters Written by Henry Bibb, 1850-1851 (Documenting the American South)
• Thomas Smallwood, A Narrative of Thomas Smallwood (Coloured Man). Toronto: [n.p.], 1851 (Documenting the American South)

 

3.4 MARY ANN SHADD, CHATHAM, AND THE BLACK CANADIAN RENAISSANCE 121

The Black Canadian Renaissance 121

• Missouri’s Dred Scott Case, 1846-1857 (Missouri State Archives)
• The 1857 Dred Scott Supreme Court decision (pbs.org)

Mary Ann Shadd and Transformation: “We Can … Change That Condition” 123

• Mary Ann Shadd biography (Canadian Encyclopedia)
• “Mary Ann Shadd Cary: Abolitionist” (Library and Archives Canada)
• Mary Ann Shadd, A Plea for Emigration, 1852 (archive.org [microform])
• William Still, “For the Provincial Freeman,” Provincial Freeman, 6 May 1854 (Uncle Tom’s Cabin & American Culture: A Multi-Media Archive)
• Harriet Beecher Stowe, The Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin; Presenting the Original Facts and Documents Upon Which the Story Is Founded, Together with Corroborative Statements Verifying the Truth of the Work, 1854 (Uncle Tom’s Cabin & American Culture: A Multi-Media Archive)
• Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, or Life Among the Lowly, 1852 (archive.org)
• C.V.S., “George Harris,” 22 July 1854 (Uncle Tom’s Cabin & American Culture: A Multi-Media Archive)
• Martin Delany, The Condition, Elevation, Emigration, and Destiny of the Colored People of the United States, 1852 (gutenberg.org)
• Pages from The Provincial Freeman  (Black Abolitionist Archive)
• The Provincial Freeman: plaque unveiling and historical background, 2008 (Ontario Heritage Trust)

Samuel Ringgold Ward’s Description of the Black Communities in Canada 142

• Samuel Ringgold Ward, Autobiography of a Fugitive Negro: His Anti-Slavery Labors in the United-States, Canada, and England. London: John Snow, 1855 (Documenting the American South).
• Jermain Wesley Loguen, The Rev. J.W. Loguen, As a Slave and As a Freeman: A Narrative of Real Life. Syracuse, N.Y.: J.G.K. Truair & Company, 1859 (Documenting the American South).
• William Still, comp, The Underground Railroad: A Record Of Facts, Authentic Narratives, Letters, &C., Narrating The Hardships, Hair-Breadth Escapes And Death Struggles Of The Slaves In Their Efforts For Freedom, As Related By Themselves And Others, Or Witnessed By The Author …. Philadelphia: Porter and Coates, 1872 (gutenberg.org).

Recording Black Economic and Emotional Geographies of Canada West: The Accounts of Benjamin Drew, William Wells Brown, and Samuel Gridley Howe 147

• Drew, Benjamin, ed. A North-Side View of Slavery; The Refugee: or The Narrative of Fugitive Slaves in Canada. Related by Themselves. Boston: John P. Jewett, 1856 (Documenting the American South).
• William Wells Brown short biography and links to texts (Documenting the American South)
• “Samuel Gridley Howe: American Educator” (Encyclopedia Britannica)
• Samuel Gridley Howe (1801-1876) (Buxton Museum Virtual Exhibit)
• Nehemiah Adams, A South-Side View Of Slavery, 1854 (archive.org)
• The Hiram Wilson Project
• The Underground Railroad Influential Voices: Hiram Wilson (Freedom Trail)
• Sophia Pooley’s Slave Narrative [from Benjamin Drew’s A North-Side View of Slavery] (Documenting the American South)
• Sophia Burthen Pooley: Part of the Family? (Government of Ontario)
• “Burlington Audience Hears Story of Slave Owned by Joseph Brant: Sophia Pooley Recounted Life for Book Published in 1856,” Ian Holroyd, 21 February 2014 (Burlington Post)
• The Elgin Settlement (Buxton Museum Virtual Exhibit)
• Elgin Settlement, Ontario (Black History Canada)
• Samuel Gridley Howe, comp, The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West: Report to the Freedmen’s Inquiry Commision. Boston: Wright and Potter, 1864 (archive.org)
• William Troy, Hair-Breadth Escapes from Slavery to Freedom, 1861 (Documenting the American South)

Chatham and Brazilian Slavery: Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua 155

• Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua, An Interesting Narrative. Biography of Mahommah G. Baquaqua, A Native of Zoogoo, in the Interior of Africa. (A Convert to Christianity,) With a Description of That Part of the World; Including the Manners and Customs of the Inhabitants, 1854 (Documenting the American South)

Chatham in the later 1850s: Martin Delany, Mary Ann Shadd, John Brown 157

• Frederick Douglass’ Paper & Our Digital Files (Uncle Tom’s Cabin & American Culture)
• Martin Delany, Blake; or The Huts of America, 1859-1862 (Uncle Tom’s Cabin & American Culture: A Multi-Media Archive)
• Martin Delany, Official Report of the Niger Valley Exploring Party, 1861 (gutenberg.org)
• Chatham Convention: May 1858 (West Virginia Archives and History)
• Chatham Convention (Buxton Museum Virtual Exhibit)
• John Brown’s Convention 1858 (Ontario Heritage Trust)
• Frank A. Rollin, Life and Public Services of Martin R. Delany, 1868 (archive.org)
• Mason Report: Senate Select Committee Report on the Harper’s Ferry Invasion (West Virginia Archives and History)
• John Brown, “Provisional Constitution and Ordinances for the People of the United States,” 1858 (Online Public Access)
• Frederick Douglass, “The Heroic Slave,” 1853 (Documenting the American South)
• Herman Melville, “Benito Cereno,” 1855 (Electronic Scholarly Publishing)
• Harriet Beecher Stowe, Dred; A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp, 1856 (Documenting the American South)
• The Anglo-African Magazine, 1859 (archive.org)

Osborne P. Anderson, Shadd, and A Voice from Harper’s Ferry 170

• Frederick Douglass, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, 1881 (Documenting the American South)
• Osborne P. Anderson. A Voice from Harper’s Ferry: A Narrative of Events at Harper’s Ferry; with Incidents Prior and Subsequent to its Capture by Captain Brown and His Men. Boston: The Author, 1861 (West Virginia Archives and History)
• Hallie Q. Brown, Homespun Heroines and Other Women of Distinction, 1926 (Documenting the American South)

 

3.5 FROM THE MID-1860S INTO THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 173

• Abraham Lincoln, Letter to Horace Greeley, August 1862 (Abraham Lincoln Online)
• Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 (pbs.org)
• The Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (U.S. Library of Congress)
• Sylvia Stark (BC Black History Awareness Society)
• Louis and Sylvia Stark (Great Unsolved Mysteries in Canadian History)
• Mifflin Gibbs, Shadow and Light: An Autobiography with Reminiscences of the Last and Present Century, 1902 (gutenberg.org)
• Anderson Abbott, 1837-1913 (Buxton Museum Virtual Exhibit)
• Anderson Abbott (Black History Canada)
• Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 (pbs.org)
• W.E.B. Du Bois, The Souls of Black Folk, 1903 (archive.org)